{"id":5393,"date":"2016-01-19T08:10:45","date_gmt":"2016-01-19T08:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/travelmind.eu\/?p=5393"},"modified":"2016-01-19T08:10:45","modified_gmt":"2016-01-19T08:10:45","slug":"%d1%83%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b6%d1%8a%d1%80-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%85%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kzankov.com\/en\/%d1%83%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b6%d1%8a%d1%80-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d1%85%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/telephone-586266_1280.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-5395\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/telephone-586266_1280-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"telephone-586266_1280\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0436, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u043f\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0435 <strong>\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u00a0 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043d<\/strong>, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441.<\/p>\n<p>In short, the hotelier is involved in everything, is responsible for everything, and also has the task of improving everything, because if there is no development in a hotel, there will be no regular and loyal customers. The tasks of a hotel manager are many, so the positive qualities that he must possess are also many.<\/p>\n<p>Here are <strong>the more important skills that a hotel manager must possess<\/strong>to ensure the successful operation of their tourism business:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. \u041b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Although at first glance this may seem too trivial a quality to require of a hotel manager, it is indispensable. Without loyalty, there is no business, and a hotel is a business. Loyalty will give you the assurance that you have found the right person, and it will also give your employees the confidence that their immediate supervisor will support them when needed, but will also impose the necessary new measures to improve performance in case problems arise.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If a manager\u2014whether in a hotel or other type of tourism business\u2014is disorganized and unable to impose order and discipline on either their own tasks or those of their subordinates, chaos will eventually ensue, the consequences of which will be difficult and time-consuming to remedy. And time is precious.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. \u041e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>By taking their work seriously, a manager will show results from their first month at the hotel. If they are responsible and show that they want the business to succeed as much as you do, then you can be sure that you have a reliable person by your side. Even your employees should not be irresponsible.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This quality will enable the manager to devise new strategies for attracting customers, improving service quality, and maintaining the hotel's current reputation in the tourism industry. In addition, new approaches to human resource management are never superfluous, because business is changing and managers must always keep up with new trends in hospitality and management.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>5. \u041b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0435\u043a\u0438\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A great hotelier should be able to lead and set an example for their staff with their actions. They should have awesome people management skills, but also be able to work as part of a team, not just give orders. It is the staff that is the most important resource in the hotel business, and this should not be forgotten.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/notebook-428292_1280.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-5396\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/notebook-428292_1280-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"notebook-428292_1280\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>6. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A successful hotel manager must be able to anticipate each next step, analyze, and keep up with trends in tourism. It is precisely strategic thinking and analytical skills that should help them assess each situation, find different perspectives, and choose the best solution to a given problem, not only in relation to the current situation but also to the future development of the hotel.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>7. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>It often happens that things don't go according to plan, no matter how hard we try to control everything. An inspection by inspectors, a complaint from a customer, or a mixed-up reservation\u2014if all of this happens at the same time, the manager must be able to handle the situation while remaining calm. The ability to work under pressure is one of the most important skills, especially in the tourism business, where unforeseen situations often arise.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>8. \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The tourism industry is based on customer service, and to a large extent, the success of the business depends precisely on the excellent provision of tourist services. Every hotelier must know how to achieve excellent service and maintain it. In many small hotels, the manager serves guests at the reception desk himself, but even in large chains, where he has no direct contact with them, he must know how to train his staff so that customers are always satisfied.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>9. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. 80% \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430<a href=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/portfolio\/%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B8\/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e<\/a> \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>10. \u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0430\u0437\u044a\u043c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Last but not least, a successful hotel manager must be full of energy and enthusiasm. By showing his team and partners that he cares about the business, he will be able to inspire them and successfully lead his hotel to better results.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435, \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u044a\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7-2016\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.kzankov.com\/%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a>, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0436, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u043f\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438. 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\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. 80% \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, 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\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0436\u044a\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u044a\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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